BS: Heidelberg College, Tiffin, OH, 1970
MD: University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 1974
Internship: Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 1974-1975
Residency: Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 1975-1978
Fellowship: Retina-Vitreous & Ocular Oncology, Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, PN, 1978-1980
Board Certification: American Board of Ophthalmology, 1979