MD: Doctor of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Center of Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine Hershey, PA, 1972 to 1975.
Residency: Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD; Surgery, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, VA.
Fellowship: Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Certification: General Surgery, 1984, recertified 1992; Pediatric Surgery, 1986, recertified 1993; Surgical Critical Care, 1989.