AB: Harvard College, Cambridge, MA, 1974.
MD: Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 1978.
Residency: Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 1978 to 1981.
Chief Residency: Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 1981 to 1982.
Fellowship: Gastroenterology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 1982 to 85.
Research Scholar: Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, 1985 to 86.
Certification: Pediatrics, 1983; Pediatric Gastroenterology, 1990; recertified, 1997, 2004.