PhD: Biochemistry, St. Louis University, St. Louis Mo., 1985.
MD: St. Louis University, St. Louis, Mo., 1986.
Residency: Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1986-1989; Chief resident, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1989-1990.
Fellowship: Neonatal- Perinatal Medical Fellowship, Washington University School of Medicine, 1990-1993.
Certification: Neonatal - Perinatal Medicine, 1995, 2003.