MD: University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 1962.
Residency: Anesthesia, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, 1963-65.
Fellowship: Pediatric Anesthesiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 1965-66; Pediatric Anesthesia, The National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, 1966-68.
Certification: American Board of Anesthesiology, 1967; American Academy of Pediatrics, 1968; American College of Anesthesiologists, 1977.
