Complex genitourinary reconstruction; spina bifida; neurogenic bladder; anorectal malformations, disorders of sexual development; cloaca; renal transplantation in the neurogenic bladder

Fellowship: Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 2005-2007.

Residency: University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 2005.

MD: Medical College of Virginia School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 1999.

BS: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1995. 

Certification:  American Board of Urology.

Traxel E, Defoor W, Minevich E, Reddy P, Alam S, Reeves D, Sheldon C. Low incidence of urinary tract infections following renal transplantation in children with bladder augmentation. J Urol. 2011 Aug;186(2):667-71.

Le LD, Alam S, Lim FY, Keswani SG, Crombleholme TM. Prenatal and postnatal urologic complications of sacrococcygeal teratomas. J Pediatr Surg. 2011 Jun;46(6):1186-90.

Podberesky DJ, Weaver NC, Anton CG, Lawal T, Hamrick MC, Alam S, Peña A, Levitt MA. MRI of acquired posterior urethral diverticulum following surgery for anorectal malformations. Pediatr Radiol. 2011 Apr 16.

Ivancić V, Defoor W, Jackson E, Alam S, Minevich E, Reddy P, Sheldon C. Progression of renal insufficiency in children and adolescents with neuropathic bladder is not accelerated by lower urinary tract reconstruction. J Urol. 2010 Oct;184(4 Suppl):1768-74.

Alam S, Minevich E. Continent catheterizable reservoirs are not just for the urinary tract. J Urol. 2010 Jan;183(1):15.

Alam S, Sheldon C.  Urologic Issues in Pediatric Renal Transplantation. Curr Opin  Urol. 2008 Jul;18(4):413-8. 

Alam S, Levitt MA, Sheldon CA, Peña A. The Posterior-Sagittal Trans-Sphincteric Approach for Recurrent Genitourinary Pathology. J Urol. 2007 Oct; 178(4 Pt 2):1668-71; discussion 1671.

Alam S, Goebel J, Pacheco MC, Sheldon C. Papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential in a pediatric renal transplant recipient (PUNLMP): A case report. Pediatric Transplantation. 2007 Sep; 11(6):680-2. 

Clinical Interests

Complex genitourinary reconstruction; clinical outcomes research; clinical trials;  urolithiasis; uro-oncology; laparoscopic-assisted; robotic-assisted surgery; vesico-ureteral reflux

Research Interests

Modulation of apoptosis in cryptorchidism (undescended testes) with anti-oxidant pharmacotherapy; pediatric urologic surgical outcomes analysis using an evidence based medicine approach 

BS: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 1991.

Fulbright Fellowship: Universite' Rene' Descartes, Paris, France, 1992.

MD: University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 1996.

Residency: Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 2001.

Fellowship: Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, 2003.

MPH: Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, School of Public Health, 2005.

DeFoor, WR, et al. The risk of recurrent urolithiasis in children is dependent on urinary calcium and citrate. Urology. 2010 Jul;76(1):242-5.

DeFoor WR, et al. Long-Term Outcomes of the Neobladder in Pediatric Continent Urinary Reconstruction. J Urol. 2009;181:2689-94.

Traxel E, DeFoor WR, et al. Multivariate analysis of risk factors for urinary tract infections after endoscopic injection of dextranomer-hyaluronic acid. J Urol. 2009;182 (4 Suppl): 1708-12.

DeFoor WR, Tobias N. Simple behavioral modification may be effective first-line treatment in resolution of nocturnal enuresis. J Pediatrics. 2009;155(5):760.

Heshmat S, DeFoor WR, et al. The use of customized Mic-Key gastrostomy button for the management of the MACE stomal complications. Urology. 2008;72(5):1026-9.

DeFoor WR, et al. Urinary metabolic evaluations in solitary and recurrent stone forming children. J Urol. 2008;179(6):2369-72.

DeFoor WR, et al. Risk factors for end stage renal disease in children with posterior urethral valves.J Urol. 2008;180(4 Suppl):1705-8; discussion 1708.

Voiding dysfunction; bedwetting; recurrent UTIs; biofeedback

Ivancić V, Defoor W, Jackson E, Alam S, Minevich E, Reddy P, Sheldon C. Progression of renal insufficiency in children and adolescents with neuropathic bladder is not accelerated by lower urinary tract reconstruction. J Urol. 2010 Oct;184(4 Suppl):1768-74.

DeFoor WR, Jackson E, Minevich E, Caillat A, Reddy P, Sheldon C, Asplin J. The risk of recurrent urolithiasis in children is dependent on urinary calcium and citrate. Urology. 2010 Jul;76(1):242-5.

DeFoor W, Clark C, Jackson E, Reddy P, Minevich E, Sheldon C. Risk factors for end stage renal disease in children with posterior urethral valves. J Urol. 2008 Oct;180(4 Suppl):1705-8; discussion 1708.

DeFoor W, Minevich E, Jackson E, Reddy P, Clark C, Sheldon C, Asplin J. Urinary metabolic evaluations in solitary and recurrent stone forming children. J Urol. 2008 Jun;179(6):2369-72.

DeFoor W, Asplin J, Jackson E, Jackson C, Reddy P, Sheldon C, Erhard M, Minevich E. Urinary metabolic evaluations in normal and stone forming children. J Urol. 2006 Oct;176(4 Pt 2):1793-6.

Defoor W, Asplin J, Jackson E, Jackson C, Reddy P, Sheldon C, Minevich E. Results of a prospective trial to compare normal urine supersaturation in children and adults. J Urol. 2005 Oct;174(4 Pt 2):1708-10.

Jensen S, Jackson EC, Riley L, Reddy S, Goebel J. Tacrolimus-based immunosuppression with steroid withdrawal in pediatric kidney transplantation -- 4-year experience at a moderate-volume center. Pediatr Transplant. 2003 7:119-124.

Strife CF, Prada AL, Clardy CW, Jackson E, Forristal J. Autoantibody to complement neoantigens in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. J Pediatr. 1990 May;116(5):S98-102.

Voiding syfunction; bedwetting; recurrent UTIs; complex genitourinary conditions

Complex genitourinary reconstruction; microscopic hypospadias; endoscopic treatment of vesico-ureteral reflux; urolithiasis; ESWL

Ivancić V, Defoor W, Jackson E, Alam S, Minevich E, Reddy P, Sheldon C. Progression of renal insufficiency in children and adolescents with neuropathic bladder is not accelerated by lower urinary tract reconstruction.J Urol. 2010 Oct;184(4 Suppl):1768-74.

DeFoor WR, Jackson E, Minevich E, Caillat A, Reddy P, Sheldon C, Asplin J. The risk of recurrent urolithiasis in children is dependent on urinary calcium and citrate.Urology. 2010 Jul;76(1):242-5.

Traxel E, DeFoor W, Reddy P, Sheldon C, Minevich E. Risk factors for urinary tract infection after dextranomer/hyaluronic acid endoscopic injection.J Urol. 2009 Oct;182(4 Suppl):1708-12.

DeFoor WR, Heshmat S, Minevich E, Reddy P, Koyle M, Sheldon C. Long-term outcomes of the neobladder in pediatric continent urinary reconstruction.J Urol. 2009 Jun;181(6):2689-93; discussion 2693-4.

Minevich E. Genitourinary emergencies in children. Minerva Pediatr. 2009 Feb;61(1):53-65.

DeFoor W, Clark C, Jackson E, Reddy P, Minevich E, Sheldon C. Risk factors for end stage renal disease in children with posterior urethral valves.J Urol. 2008 Oct;180(4 Suppl):1705-8; discussion 1708.

Heshmat S, DeFoor W, Minevich E, Reddy P, Reeves D, Sheldon C. Use of customized MIC-KEY gastrostomy button for management of MACE stomal complications. Urology. 2008 Nov;72(5):1026-9.

DeFoor W, Minevich E, Jackson E, Reddy P, Clark C, Sheldon C, Asplin J. Urinary metabolic evaluations in solitary and recurrent stone forming children. J Urol. 2008 Jun;179(6):2369-72.

Kitchens DM, DeFoor W, Minevich E, Reddy P, Polsky E, McGregor A, Sheldon C. End cutaneous ureterostomy for the management of severe hydronephrosis.J Urol. 2007 Apr;177(4):1501-4.

Kitchens DM, Minevich E, DeFoor WR, Reddy PP, Wacksman J, Koyle MA, Sheldon CA. Incontinence following bladder neck reconstruction--is there a role for endoscopic management?J Urol. 2007 Jan;177(1):302-5; discussion 305-6.

Minimally invasive laparoscopic-assisted surgery; robotic-assisted surgery; prenatal evaluation; fetal care; UTIs

Traxel EJ, Minevich EA, Noh PH. A review: the application of minimally invasive surgery to pediatric urology: upper urinary tract procedures.Urology. 2010 Jul;76(1):122-33.

Traxel EJ, Minevich EA, Noh PH. A review: the application of minimally invasive surgery to pediatric urology: lower urinary tract reconstructive procedures.Urology. 2010 Jul;76(1):115-20.

Chacko JK, Noh P, Barthold JS, Figueroa TE, Gonzalez R. Latrogenic ureteral injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a 13-year-old boy. J Pediatr Urol. 2008 4(4):322-4.

Neheman A, Noh PH, Piaggio L, González R. The role of laparoscopic surgery for urinary tract reconstruction in infants weighing less than 10 kg: a comparison with open surgery.J Pediatr Urol. 2008 Jun;4(3):192-6.

Wang Y, Barthold J, Figueroa E, González R, Noh PH, Wang M, Manson J. Analysis of five single nucleotide polymorphisms in the ESR1 gene in cryptorchidism.Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2008 Jun;82(6):482-5.

Neheman A, Noh PH, Brenn R, González R. Laparoscopic urinary tract surgery in infants weighing 6 kg or less: perioperative considerations and comparison to open surgery.J Urol. 2008 Apr;179(4):1534-8.

Piaggio LA, Franc-Guimond J, Noh PH, Wehry M, Figueroa TE, Barthold J, González R. Transperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty for primary repair of ureteropelvic junction obstruction in infants and children: comparison with open surgery.J Urol. 2007 Oct;178(4 Pt 2):1579-83.

Piaggio LA, Noh PH, González R. Reoperative laparoscopic pyeloplasty in children: comparison with open surgery. J Urol. 2007 May;177(5):1878-82.

Davies B, Noh P, Smaldone MC, Ranganathan S, Docimo SG. Paratesticular rhabdomyoma in a young adult: case study and review of the literature. J Pediatr Surg. 2007  42(4):E5-7.

Stein RJ, Matoka DJ, Noh PH, Docimo SG. Spontaneous perforation of congenital bladder diverticulum. Urology. 2005 Oct;66(4):881.

Clinical Interests

Kidney stones; ESWL; genitourinary surgery; clinical trials

Research Interests

Bladder organogenesis; tissue engineering of bladder matrix

MBBS: Nagarjuna University, Guntur, India 1990.

Residency: Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY.

Residency: Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY.

Fellowship: The Hospital For Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Certification: American Board of Urology 2001.

Reddy PP, Defoor WR. Ureteroscopy: The standard of care in the management of upper tract urolithiasis in children. Indian J Urol. 2010 Oct;26(4):555-63.

Ivancić V, Defoor W, Jackson E, Alam S, Minevich E, Reddy P, Sheldon C. Progression of renal insufficiency in children and adolescents with neuropathic bladder is not accelerated by lower urinary tract reconstruction. J Urol. 2010 Oct;184(4 Suppl):1768-74.

DeFoor WR, Jackson E, Minevich E, Caillat A, Reddy P, Sheldon C, Asplin J. The risk of recurrent urolithiasis in children is dependent on urinary calcium and citrate. Urology. 2010 Jul;76(1):242-5.

Traxel E, DeFoor W, Reddy P, Sheldon C, Minevich E. Risk factors for urinary tract infection after dextranomer/hyaluronic acid endoscopic injection. J Urol. 2009 Oct;182(4 Suppl):1708-12.

DeFoor WR, Heshmat S, Minevich E, Reddy P, Koyle M, Sheldon C. Long-term outcomes of the neobladder in pediatric continent urinary reconstruction. J Urol. 2009 Jun;181(6):2689-93; discussion 2693-4.

Reddy PP, Borgstein NG, Nijman RJ, Ellsworth PI. Long-term efficacy and safety of tolterodine in children with neurogenic detrusor overactivity. J Pediatr Urol. 2008 Dec;4(6):428-33.

DeFoor W, Clark C, Jackson E, Reddy P, Minevich E, Sheldon C. Risk factors for end stage renal disease in children with posterior urethral valves. J Urol. 2008 Oct;180(4 Suppl):1705-8; discussion 1708.

Heshmat S, DeFoor W, Minevich E, Reddy P, Reeves D, Sheldon C. Use of customized MIC-KEY gastrostomy button for management of MACE stomal complications. Urology. 2008 Nov;72(5):1026-9.

DeFoor W, Minevich E, Jackson E, Reddy P, Clark C, Sheldon C, Asplin J. Urinary metabolic evaluations in solitary and recurrent stone forming children. J Urol. 2008 Jun;179(6):2369-72.

Reddy PP. Recent advances in pediatric uroradiology. Indian J Urol. 2007 Oct;23(4):390-402.

MD: University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 1972 to 1976.

Residency: Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 1976 to 1981; General Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 1981 to 1983.

Fellowship: Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 1983 to 1985; Pediatric Urology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada, 1985 to 1986; Visiting Fellow, Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 1986.

Certification: Adult and Pediatric Urology, 1982; Surgery, 1985; Pediatric Surgery, 1988.

 Ivancić V, Defoor W, Jackson E, Alam S, Minevich E, Reddy P, Sheldon C. Progression of renal insufficiency in children and adolescents with neuropathic bladder is not accelerated by lower urinary tract reconstruction. J Urol. 2010 Oct;184(4 Suppl):1768-74.

DeFoor WR, Jackson E, Minevich E, Caillat A, Reddy P, Sheldon C, Asplin J. The risk of recurrent urolithiasis in children is dependent on urinary calcium and citrate. Urology. 2010 Jul;76(1):242-5.

Traxel E, DeFoor W, Reddy P, Sheldon C, Minevich E. Risk factors for urinary tract infection after dextranomer/hyaluronic acid endoscopic injection. J Urol. 2009 Oct;182(4 Suppl):1708-12.

DeFoor WR, Heshmat S, Minevich E, Reddy P, Koyle M, Sheldon C. Long-term outcomes of the neobladder in pediatric continent urinary reconstruction. J Urol. 2009 Jun;181(6):2689-93.

DeFoor W, Clark C, Jackson E, Reddy P, Minevich E, Sheldon C. Risk factors for end stage renal disease in children with posterior urethral valves. J Urol. 2008 Oct;180(4 Suppl):1705-8.

Heshmat S, DeFoor W, Minevich E, Reddy P, Reeves D, Sheldon C. Use of customized MIC-KEY gastrostomy button for management of MACE stomal complications. Urology. 2008 Nov;72(5):1026-9.

Alam S, Sheldon C. Urological issues in pediatric renal transplantation. Curr Opin Urol. 2008 Jul;18(4):413-8.

DeFoor W, Minevich E, Jackson E, Reddy P, Clark C, Sheldon C, Asplin J. Urinary metabolic evaluations in solitary and recurrent stone forming children. J Urol. 2008 Jun;179(6):2369-72.

Alam S, Levitt MA, Sheldon CA, Peña A. The posterior sagittal approach for recurrent genitourinary pathology. J Urol. 2007 Oct;178(4 Pt 2):1668-71

Alam S, Goebel J, Pacheco MC, Sheldon C. Papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential in a pediatric renal transplant recipient (PUNLMP): a case report. Pediatr Transplant. 2007 Sep;11(6):680-2.

BSN: University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1979.

MSN: Clinical Nurse Specialist, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 1984.

Pediatric Nurse Practitioner: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 1985.

Certification: American Nurse's Credentialing Center.

DeFoor WR Jr, Tobias N. Simple behavioral modification may be effective first-line treatment in resolution of nocturnal enuresis. J Pediatr. 2009 Nov;155(5):760.

Tobias N, Mason D, Lutkenhoff M, Stoops M, Ferguson D. Management principles of organic causes of childhood constipation. J Pediatr Health Care. 2008 Jan-Feb;22(1):12-23. 

Mason D, Tobias N, Lutkenhoff M, Stoops M, Ferguson D. The APN's guide to pediatric constipation management. Nurse Pract. 2004 Jul;29(7):13-21; quiz 22-3. 

Tobias NE, McCain GC. A comparison of two enuresis alarms. Urol Nurs. 2001 Oct;21(5):349-53.