Health Topics

A Pap test, along with a pelvic examination, is an important part of healthcare for women, because it may detect abnormal cells that can lead to cancer (see sidebar). Most cancers of the cervix can be detected early if women have Pap tests regularly. As with many types of cancer, cancer of the cervix is more likely to be successfully treated if it is detected or found early.

Young women should have their first Pap test about 3 years after first sexual intercourse or by age 21, whichever comes first. After that, Pap tests should be done yearly or as recommended by your healthcare provider. Young women who do not yet need a Pap test should regularly see a healthcare provider who can provide counseling about gynecologic health and perform a pelvic examination if needed.

HPV

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States today. There are many types of HPV. Some types cause genital warts, while others cause abnormal Pap tests and cervical cancer. Most people with HPV never know that they have it. In many cases people show no symptoms and/or the body is able to resolve it without treatment.

HPV Infection Prevention and Abnormal Pap Tests

According to the National Cancer Institute, when the Pap test shows an unclear or minor abnormality, the test is usually repeated to ensure accuracy.

If the test shows a significant abnormality, a colposcopy may be performed (using an instrument called a colposcope) to closely examine the vagina and the cervix.

A Schiller test may also be performed, in which the cervix is coated with an iodine solution.

A biopsy may be performed in which the physician removes a small amount of cervical tissue for examination by a pathologist. This is the only sure way to determine whether the abnormal cells indicate cancer.