Health Topics

RSV is spread by coming in contact with infectious material either from another individual or inanimate object. The secretions from the eye, mouth, or nose (and possibly from a sneeze) contain the virus. The virus can also survive for many hours on inanimate objects such as doorknobs, hard surfaces, and toys. It can also live on human hands for up to 30 minutes.

After being exposed to the virus, symptoms may not appear for four to six days. An individual with RSV is usually contagious for three to eight days, although this may be longer in younger children.

The following are the most common symptoms of RSV infections. However, each child may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include:

• Lethargy and inactivity
• Irritability
• Poor feeding
• Episodes of apnea (more common in infants; an event where an infant may not take a breath for longer than 10 seconds)
• Nasal discharge that is usually clear
• Fever
• Wheezing (a high-pitched sound usually heard on expiration, breathing out)
• Rapid breathing
• Cough
• Retractions (pulling in) of the chest wall
• Nasal flaring
• Rattling in the chest that may be felt over an infant's back or chest

The symptoms of RSV may resemble other problems or medical conditions. Always consult your child's physician for a diagnosis.

In addition to a complete medical history and physical examination, other diagnostic tests for RSV may include:

• Testing of your child's nasal drainage
•  Chest X-ray  
• Pulse oximetry - an oximeter is a small machine that measures the amount of oxygen in the blood. To obtain this measurement, a small sensor (like a band-aid) is taped onto a finger or toe.

There is no cure for RSV, so once the child is infected treatment is supportive (aimed at treating the symptoms present). Care of the child or infant involves treating the effects of the virus on the respiratory system.

Because a virus causes the infection, antibiotics are not useful. Specific treatment for RSV will be determined by your physician based on:

• Your child's age, overall health, and medical history
• Extent of the condition
• Your child's tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies
• Expectations for the course of the condition
• Your opinion or preference

Treatment for RSV may include:

• Keeping your child well hydrated by encouraging fluids by mouth. If necessary, an intravenous (IV) line may be started to give your child fluids and essential electrolytes.
• Bronchodilator medications administered in an aerosol mist by a mask or through an inhaler (to open your child's airways)
• Supplemental oxygen
• Bulb suctioning baby's nose before being laid down to sleep and before feedings, which helps the baby be more comfortable

Your first home nursing visit will last between one and two hours.

Your baby will receive a complete assessment, including weight check, vital signs, a review of medications and medical history, and the Synagis” injection. Your nurse will share information on diet, which can effect prevention of RSV. After your visit, your nurse will share their evaluation with your physician to provide seamless care to your baby.

Our nursing staff is available to families for RSV support, education and management throughout the course of therapy.

Proper handwashing is important to prevent the spread of RSV to other infants, children and adults. If your child is in the hospital, healthcare workers will wear special isolation apparel such as gowns and gloves when they enter your child's room.

Palivizumab (Synagis"), an antibody against RSV, is recommended for babies and children at high risk for RSV to protect them against the serious complications of the illness. This includes children with weakened immune systems, organ recipients and premature infants. Palivizumab is usually given monthly during the RSV "season," from late Fall through Spring. It is not a vaccine and does not prevent the virus. However, it does lessen the severity of the illness and may help shorten the hospital stay. If you have questions about Palivizumab, please consult your child's physician.