Heidi J. Kalkwarf, PhD
Appointment
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Email
heidi.kalkwarf@cchmc.org
Phone
513-636-3803
Fax
513-636-4402
Bio
Heidi Kalkwarf, PhD, RD, is a nutritional epidemiologist whose research interest is in the development of dietary recommendations to optimize health, particularly bone health.
She has conducted research, funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), focusing on dietary calcium requirements of lactating women and the changes in bone density and in calcium metabolism that occur during lactation and after weaning. Dr. Kalkwarf's research has been published in the New England Journal of Medicine, and was used by the Institute of Medicine to establish the new dietary calcium intake recommendations for lactating women.
Dr. Kalkwarf also is investigating the normal patterns of bone growth and development in children and adolescents. The goals of this work are to identify the short term and long term consequences of low bone density in childhood, identify children who are at risk for osteoporosis later in life and to identify interventions to reduce this risk.
Dr. Kalkwarf came to Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center as a postdoctoral fellow in 1990 and joined the faculty in 1993. She earned her master's and doctoral degrees in Nutritional Sciences at Cornell University in Ithaca, N.Y.
Credentials
PhD: Cornell University; Ithaca, N.Y., 1991.
Postdoctoral Fellowship: Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1990-1993.
MNS: Clinical Nutrition, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 1983.
BS: Foods, Nutrition and Institution Management, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 1980.
Certification: Registered Dietitian, 1983.
Research
Nutrition and bone health in children
Research Grants and Contracts
Principal investigator, NIH/NICHD, N01-HD-3329, "Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study." Project period: 10/01/01 - 05/31/09.
Co-investigator (PI/PD: Boat T / Heubi J), NIH/NCRR, R08084, "General Clinical Research Center." Project period: 12/01/01 - 11/30/10
Co-investigator (PI: Dorn L), NIH/NIDA, R01DA1640202, "Smoking and Metabolic Consequences in Adolescent Girls." Project period: 05/01/03 - 04/30/08.
Co-investigator (PI: Specker B, South Dakota State University; subcontract PI: Lanphear B), NIH/HH, HHSN 275200603416C/403321, "Vanguard Center for the National Children's Study - Brookings, Yellow Medicine, Pipestone & Lincoln Counties." Project period: 11/01/05 - 10/31/10.
Co-investigator (PI: Viskochil D, University of Utah; CCHMC subcontract PI: Schorry E), NIH/NINDS, R01-NS050569-01A1, "Spinal Abnormalities in Neurofibromatosis Type 1." Project period: 01/01/06 - 12/31/10.
Publications, Most Recent
Khoury JC, Miodovnik M, Buncher RC, Kalkwarf H, McElvy S, Khury PR, Sibai B. Consequences of smoking and caffeine consumption during pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes.J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2004;15(1):44-50.
Geraghty SR, Pinney SM, Sethuraman G, Roy-Chaudhury A, Kalkwarf HJ. The breast milk feeding practices of mothers of multiples compared to mothers of singletons.Ambul Pediatr 2004;4(3):226-31.
Wosje KS, Binkley T, Kalkwarf HJ, Specker BL. Relationship between bone mass and circulating leptin concentrations in Hutterites.Bone 2004;34:1017-22.
Wosje KS, Kalkwarf HJ. Lactation, weaning and calcium supplementation: effects on body composition in postpartum women.Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:423-9.
Kalkwarf HJ, Khoury JC, Bean J, Elliott J. Vitamin K, bone mass and bone turnover in girls.Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80(4):1075-80.
Geraghty SR, Khoury JC, Kalkwarf HJ. Comparison of feeding among multiple birth infants.Twin Research, 2004;7:542-7.
Biggar WD, Bachrach LK, Henderson RC, Kalkwarf H, Plotkin H, Wong BL. Bone health in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a workshop report from the meeting in Cincinnati, Ohio, July 8, 2004.Neuromuscular Disorders 2005:15:80-5.
Phelan KJ, Khoury J, Kalkwarf H, Lanphear B. Residential injuries in U.S. children and adolescents.Public Health Reports 2005;120:63-70.
Geraghty SR, Khoury J, Kalkwarf HJ. Breast milk pumping rates of mothers of singletons and mothers of multiples.J Human Lactation 2005;21:413-20.
Thomas SR, Kalkwarf HJ, Buckley DC, Heubi JE. Effective dose of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scans in children as a function of age.J Clin Densitometry 2005;8:415-22.
Stark LJ, McGrath A, Janicke DM, Mackner LM, Hommel KA, Bean J, Lovell D, Kalkwarf H, Heubi J. A randomized clinical trial of dietary calcium to improve bone accretion in children with Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.J Peds 2006;148:501-7.
Wosje, KS, Knipstein, BL, Kalkwarf. Measurement error of DXA: interpretation of fat and lean mass changes in obese children.J Clin Densitometry 2006;9:335-40.
Kalkwarf HJ. Breaking news: forearm fractures in children and adolescents.Nutrition Today 2006;41:171-7.
Wosje KS, Kalkwarf HJ. Bone density in relation to alcohol intake among men and women in the United States.Osteoporos Int 2007;18:391-400.
Kalkwarf KJ, Zemel BS, Gilsanz V, Lappe JM, Horlick M, Oberfield S, Mahboubi S, Fan B, Frederick MM, Winer K, Shepherd JA. The Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study (BMDCS): Bone Mineral Content and Density According to Age, Sex and Race.J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92(6): 2087-2099.
Book Chapters, Most Recent
Kalkwarf HJ. Lactation and maternal bone health. In: Pickering LK, Morrow A, Ruiz-Palacios GM, Schanler RJ (eds). Protecting Infants through Human Milk: Advancing the Scientific Evidence. Advances in Experiment Medicine and Biology volume 554, Kluwere Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 2004, pp. 101-114.
Kalkwarf HJ. Calcium in pregnancy and lactation. In: Weaver CM, Heaney RP (eds). Calcium in Human Health, Humana Press Inc. Totowa, NJ. 2005:297-309.
Kalkwarf HJ, Specker BL. Vitamin D metabolism in pregnancy and lactation. In: Feldman D, Glorieux F, Pike JW (eds). Vitamin D, second edition, Elsevier Inc. San Diego, CA, 2005.
Kalkwarf HJ. Childhood and Adolescent milk intake and adult bone health.Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Nutritional Aspects of Osteoporosis, Lausanne, Switzerland, 4-6 May, 2006:39-49.
Abstracts, Most Recent
Horlick M, Lappe JM, Gilsanz V, Kalkwarf HJ, Zemel BS, Mahboubi S, Shepherd JA, Frederick MM, Winer K. The Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study (BMDCS): Baseline results for 1554 healthy pediatric volunteers.J Bone Minerl Res 2004;19 (suppl 1):S14.
Wren TAL, Gilsanz V, Pitukcheewanont P, Liu X, Horlick M, Lappe JM, Kalkwarf H, Zemel BS, Mahboubi S, Shepherd JA, Frederick MM, Winer K. The Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study (BMDCS): Substudy comparsins DXA andCT vertebral bone measurements in healthy children and adolescents.J Bone Miner Res 2004:19 (suppl1):S67.
Zemel BS, Leonard MB, Kalkwarf HJ, Specker BL, Moyer-Mileur LJ, Shepherd JA, Cole TJ, Pan H, Kelly TL. Reference data for the whole body, lumbar spine and proximal femur for American children relative to age, gender and bone size.J Bone Miner Res 2004;19 (suppl 1):S231.
Shepherd JA, Fan B, Sherman M, Gilsanz V, Horlick M, Kalkwarf H, Lappe J, Mahboubi S, Zemel B, Frederick M, Winer K. Pediatric DXA precision varies with age.J Bone Miner Res 2004;19 (suppl 1):S234.
Lappe J, Lypaczewski G, Huang X, Horlick M, Gilsanz V, Kalkwarf H, Zemel B, Mahboubi S, Shepherd J, Frederick M, Winer K. Defining the healthy American child: Characteristics of children in the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study.Bone, 2005;36 (suppl 1), pS75.
Zemel B, Kalkwarf, H, Leonard M, Shepherd J, Mahboubi S, Frederick M, Winer K. Effects of skeletal and sexual maturation on Trabecular and cortical density of the peripheral skeleton.J Bone Miner Res 2005;20 (suppl 1):S59.
Kalkwarf HJ, Laor T, Tague L, Roy-Chaudhury A, Bianchi D, Bean J. Is my arm broken? The likelihood of forearm fracture according to age, gender and race among children undergoing conventional radiologic evaluation.J Bone Miner Res 2005;20 (suppl 1):S317.
Wosje KS, Knipstein, BL, Kalkwarf. Measurement error of DXA: interpretation of fat and lean mass changes in obese children.J Bone Miner Res 2005;20 (suppl 1):S329.
Kalkwarf H, Zemel B, Lappe J, Shepherd J, Oberfield S, Huang X, Frederick M, Winer K, Gilsanz V. Tracking of bone mass and density during growth and maturation.J Bone Mineral Res 2006; 21 (suppl 1):S124.
Shepherd JA, Lu Y, Zhao S, Gilsanz V, Kalkwarf H, Lappe J, Oberfield S, Zemel B, Fan B, Wren T, Frederick M, Winer K. Fracture risk is associated with race, height, and bone mineral density in healthy children.J Bone Mineral Res 2006;21(suppl 1);S20.
Zemel B, Mahboubi S, Kalkwarf H, Gilsanz V, Shepherd J, Oberfield S, Lappe J, Frederick M, Winer K. J Bone Mineral Res 2006:21(suppl 1):S21.
Lappe J, Gilsanz V, Kalkwarf H, Mahboubi S, Oberfield S, Shepherd J, Zemel B, Frederick M, Winer K, Haynatzki G. Physical activity and bone density in a large cohort of U.S. children.J Bone Mineral Res 2006:21(suppl 1):S104.
Buckley DB, Dosani R, Uetrecht G,Wosje K, Kalkwarf H. What do forearm ultrasound and DXA measure in children? Interpretation relative to peripheral QCT (pQCT).J Bone Mineral Res 2006:21(suppl 1):S84.
Leonard MB, Jean-Pierre DK, Foster B, Zemel B, Kalkwarf H. Assessment of cortical bone structure and strength in children on chronic dialysis. Pediatric Academic Societies / Society of Pediatric Research, Toronto, Canada, May, 2007.
Shepherd JA, Zhao S, Fan B, Zemel B, Kalkwarf H, Lappe J, Wang L, Gilsanz V, Wren TA, Winer K, Lu Y. "P-Score" to estimate fracture risk in children. Oral presentation at the Fourth International Conference on Children's Bone Health, Montreal, Canada, June 21-24, 2007; Bone 2007:40(6)(suppl 1):S78.
Zemel B, Kalkwarf, H, Mahboubi S, Gilsanz V, Shepherd J, Oberfield S, Lappe J, Frederick M, Winer K. Effect of bone age on bone density Z-scores in childhood. Results from the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood study. Bone 2007:40(6) Suppl 1:S88.
Copeland K, Sherman S, Saelens B, Kalkwarf H. Benefits and barriers to physical activity in child care: staff perceptions. The International Conference on Physical Activity and Obesity in Children, Toronto, Canada, June, 2007.
Copeland K, Sherman S, Kalkwarf H, Saelens B. Physical activity in childcare: perceptions of playgrounds and policies. The International Conference on Physical Activity and Obesity in Children, Toronto, Canada, June, 2007
Presentations, Most Recent
"Peripheral QCT" and "Non-pharmacologic Interventions: Calcium Vitamin D and Nutrition," Parent Project - Muscular Dystrophy Conference Workshop on Osteoporosis, Cincinnati, OH, July 8, 2004.
"Nutrition, Physical Activity, Bone Development and Forearm Fractures in Children," Avenelle Kirsky Endowed Lectureship, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, January 21, 2005.
"Bone Density and Forearm Fractures," 3rd International Conference on Child Bone Health, Sorrento, Italy. May 5, 2005.
"Body Composition Changes During Pregnancy and Lactation," Grand Rounds, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Case Western /University Hospital, Cleveland, OH, November 4, 2005.
"Child and Adolescent Milk Intake and Adult Bone Health," 6th International Symposium on Nutritional Aspects of Osteoporosis, Lausanne, Switzerland, May 4, 2006.
"Risk Factors for Fractures and Injuries Among Children," First Annual Conference for the National Children's Study, BYPL Vanguard Center, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, July 12, 2006.
"Bone Health from Childhood through Adolescence into Adult Life," University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH, October 6, 2006.
"Bone Density and Forearm Fractures in Children," University of North Carolina Department of Nutrition, Greensboro, NC, October 1, 2007.
Professional Organization Memberships
- American Society of Nutritional Sciences
- American Dietetic Association
- American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Special Interests
Calcium and bone metabolism; establishing nutrient requirements; calcium metabolism during lactation; bone mineral acquisition in children
Related Areas
This person works in these other areas at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center:
