Citations
1. Zemel BS, Shepherd JA, Kazemi L, Kelly A, Stallings VA, Kecskemethy H, Weber DR, Wasserman H, Kalkwarf HJ. Pediatric Lateral Distal Femur Reference Ranges for Ages 1 to 18 years. J Clin Densitom. 2025 May 7;28(3):101594. doi: 10.1016/j.jocd.2025.101594. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40413854.
1. Zemel BS, Winer KK, Kelly A, Freedman DS, Mitchell JA, Weber DR, McCormack SE, McWilliams T, Lappe JM, Oberfield SE, Shepherd JA, Grant SFA, Kalkwarf HJ. Race-neutral Pediatric Reference Ranges for Bone Mineral Density Predict Prospective Fractures in Childhood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2025 Oct 16;110(11):3034-3048. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaf183. PMID: 40129031; PMCID: PMC12527452.
2. Zemel BS, Kalkwarf HJ, Gilsanz V, et al. Revised reference curves for bone mineral content and areal bone mineral density according to age and sex for black and non-black children: results of the bone mineral density in childhood study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(10):3160-3169.
1. Zemel BS, Winer KK, Kelly A, Freedman DS, Mitchell JA, Weber DR, McCormack SE, McWilliams T, Lappe JM, Oberfield SE, Shepherd JA, Grant SFA, Kalkwarf HJ. Race-neutral Pediatric Reference Ranges for Bone Mineral Density Predict Prospective Fractures in Childhood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2025 Oct 16;110(11):3034-3048. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaf183. PMID: 40129031; PMCID: PMC12527452.
2.Kindler JM, Lappe JM, Gilsanz V, Oberfield S, Shepherd JA, Kelly A, Winer KK, Kalkwarf HJ, Zemel BS. Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Apparent Density in Children: Results From the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Apr 1;104(4):1283-1292. doi: 10.1210/jc.2018-01693. PMID: 30265344; PMCID: PMC6397436.
1. Kalkwarf HJ, Zemel BS, Yolton K, Heubi JE. Bone mineral content and density of the lumbar spine of infants and toddlers: influence of age, sex, race, growth, and human milk feeding. J Bone Miner Res. 2013 Jan;28(1):206-12. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.1730. PMID: 22887693; PMCID: PMC3527676.
Results are for Hologic equipment only and may not apply to DXA scans from other manufacturers