BA: Queens College, Queens, NY, 1967.
MD: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CN, 1971.
Residency: Internal Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CN.
Fellowship: Laboratory of Immunology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD.
Fellowship: Rheumatology, University of Texas-Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX.
Certification: Internal Medicine, 1976; Rheumatology, 1980.