Intestinal Transplant
What to Expect

What to Expect at Your First Appointment at the Pediatric Intestinal Transplant Program

As part of our proactive and collaborative approach to the care of children with intestinal failure, we work as a team to seamlessly evaluate for and offer intestinal transplantation when a child’s overall health and quality of life have declined. At Cincinnati Children’s, our Intestinal Transplant team is closely partnered with the Cincinnati Center of Excellence in Intestinal Rehabilitation to provide comprehensive and innovative care for each child with intestinal failure. Urgent clinic visits and second opinion appointments with members from both teams are available for timely care of your child. Depending on your child’s current condition and the medical records available to us, their first appointment could involve an initial outpatient consultation or an inpatient admission for a full intestinal transplant evaluation.

Our Intestinal Transplant Program is also integrated with our Liver Transplant Center. These programs share team members, clinic space, inpatient care, and other resources. As these two organs are often transplanted together, this allows us to provide a collaborative and cohesive environment with the best care possible for patients receiving a combined liver and intestinal transplant, as well as those receiving an isolated intestinal transplant.

Making an Appointment at the Pediatric Intestinal Transplant Program

It is important to us that you get the necessary care for your child as easily as possible. You can contact us directly to schedule an appointment, or your primary care provider can place a referral to our center that will allow us to contact you directly once we receive it. If you have been told by another center that your child needs an intestinal or multi-organ (liver/intestine/pancreas) transplant, or if they your child has been declined for a transplant elsewhere, we can serve as a second opinion.

Before Your Appointment

Our care team will reach out to your child’s primary care provider and/or local subspecialist for details about your child’s medical history, past test results, and previous treatments.

To help you stay informed, you will also receive a phone call from a transplant financial coordinator at Cincinnati Children’s. This person will call you to discuss your insurance coverage and transplant-related benefits. They will also contact your insurance provider and then help you understand your insurance coverage for transplant-related services at Cincinnati Children’s. We will make sure you have all the information you need about the financial aspects of intestinal transplant.

On the Day of Your Visit to the Pediatric Intestinal Transplant Program

Intestinal failure and its associated complications are complex and require the expertise of many different doctors and specialists. We'll work to make your visit with us as easy and efficient as possible. Most importantly, we'll spend time talking with you and your child about any questions or concerns you may have. We'll also help you prepare for what may come next.

Before Your Appointment

Please arrive about 30 minutes before your child's appointment. It may take 15 minutes to park and walk to the Intestinal Transplant Clinic, located within the Liver Care Center (at the main hospital, Burnet Campus), and 15 minutes to check in at the registration desk on C2.

Please contact us if you are running late for your appointment.

At Your Transplant Evaluation Admission

There are many steps we must take before we’re able to put your child on the transplant waitlist for a new intestine. At Cincinnati Children’s, all intestinal transplant evaluations are done as an inpatient admission. During the hospital admission, all care will be coordinated for you through a series of appointments.

Your child’s transplant evaluation includes an in-depth exam. This includes blood work, imaging, and other tests to better understand your child’s current medical condition and their need for intestinal/liver transplantation. Your child’s evaluation will also include visits with all members of the multidisciplinary transplant team, including your primary intestinal/liver transplant medical doctor, anesthesiologist, transplant surgeon, transplant nurse coordinator, social worker, dietitian, psychologist, pharmacist, transplant financial coordinator and infectious disease physician.

During this visit, our intestinal transplant team shares our approach to pre- and post-transplant care. We outline the whole spectrum of intestinal transplantation, including your child’s illness, the transplant operation, the risks and benefits of transplant, and requirements for follow-up care.

After Your Transplant Evaluation Visit

After your transplant evaluation, the liver/intestinal transplant medical doctors and transplant surgery physicians will review all test results, imaging, blood work and other details of your child’s medical condition to determine if transplant is the best option for your child. Your transplant nurse coordinator will be in frequent contact with you during this time to keep you updated on the process and the status of your child’s approval for transplant.

If your child is approved for intestinal transplantation, they will be placed on the national transplant waiting list.

People with the most urgent need for a new organ(s) are placed higher on the list. While on the transplant waitlist, our team will closely monitor your child’s condition. If your child’s condition worsens, our team will ensure that their score on the waitlist is changed to reflect the medical urgency of their condition. Our social workers and psychologists will connect you with support groups and other resources to help you and your child during this time.

Our team will contact you when an intestinal graft becomes available. If your child is not already admitted to the hospital to await transplant, you will need to get to the hospital quickly to prepare your child for surgery. Depending on the distance from your home to Cincinnati Children’s, our team will help to arrange an urgent medical flight transfer for the time of the organ offer.

Frequently Asked Questions

An intestinal transplant is a complex surgery to replace your own native intestine with the intestine from a deceased donor.

The most common reasons for intestinal transplantation include:

  • Short bowel syndrome-associated intestinal failure that cannot be managed medically or with non-transplant surgery. Intestinal diseases that may lead to short bowel syndrome include: complicated gastroschisis, malrotation with volvulus, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), intestinal atresias, diffuse intestinal ischemic injury, or abdominal trauma.
  • Motility disorders, including chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction and Hirschsprung disease.
  • Diseases of intestinal malabsorption, including microvillus inclusion disease, congenital tufting enteropathy, and other causes of congenital diarrhea.

Due to the advancements in intestinal rehabilitation over the last decade, intestinal transplantation may not be necessary in many of these conditions if there are no complications. But if there are complications of disease, intestinal transplantation with or without liver transplantation may be needed. These complications can include: intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) with jaundice and gastrointestinal bleeding, loss of life-sustaining central venous catheter sites, recurrent life-threatening bloodstream infections, or frequent episodes of dehydration or electrolyte instability.

The number of children awaiting an intestinal transplant is constantly changing. The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) provides up-to-the-minute data on transplant waiting list activity and transplantation statistics. UNOS data are based on numbers reported by the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network, which maintains the only national patient waiting list. These organizations are the best sources of information regarding the number of candidates on the waiting list.
Transplanted intestines come from deceased donors—people who die after an accident or illness. When an organ is received from a deceased donor, it is called a “deceased donor” transplant.

Organ donation and transplantation save over 28,000 lives a year. The need for donors is high. You can learn more and sign up when you visit organdonor.gov.

The most important factors in choosing a transplant program for your child are the team’s experience, expertise and empathy. We recommend looking for a program with experience in complex pediatric intestinal and liver/small bowel transplant surgeries with a focus on the child as a whole.

At Cincinnati Children’s, we are very proud of our Intestinal Transplant Program, which is one of the only pediatric programs in the country with the expertise to perform intestinal transplants and complex multi-organ transplants. Our liver/intestinal transplant medical doctors, transplant surgeons, nutritionists, transplant pharmacists, transplant nurse coordinators, interventional radiologists, pathologists, and other pediatric subspecialists have worked together for many years and represent a broad range of knowledge.

Our three-year post-transplant survival rate is over 83%, higher than the U.S. average of 80%, per the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients July 2025 report. Similarly, our median wait time for an intestinal transplant is 11 months – more than two months faster than the regional median of 13.3 months.

The Intestinal Transplant Program is part of our health system’s Division of Gastroenterology & GI Surgery, which was recently ranked #1 in the country among all Honor Roll hospitals in the U.S. News & World Report listing of Best Children’s Hospitals.

The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) is responsible for transplant organ distribution in the United States. UNOS oversees the assignment of all solid organ transplants, including intestine, kidney, pancreas, liver, heart and lung.

UNOS receives information from hospitals throughout the country about adults and children who need organ transplants. The liver and intestinal transplant team at Cincinnati Children's is responsible for sending information about your child to UNOS and updating this information as your child's condition changes.

UNOS has established transplant criteria to ensure the waiting list process is fair and accurate. People needing a transplant are placed on a waiting list and given a “status” code. Those in most urgent need of a transplant are placed highest on the list and are given priority when a donor organ becomes available. The system used to prioritize patients waiting for transplants is based on statistical formulas that use medical urgency, specific patient features such as age, size, and blood type, geographical distance between the donated organ and the transplant hospital, and other factors to maximize the use of organs and allocate them efficiently to the patients who need them most.

Getting an offer for an intestine graft that is right for your child is one of the most unpredictable steps of the transplant process. That said, the median wait time for an intestinal transplant at Cincinnati Children’s is 11 months. This time is 2 months faster than the regional median and aligned with the U.S. average of 11.2 months.