PhD: University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 1972-76.
PhD: Biochemistry, Thesis Advisor: T.L. Steck, MD, Thesis: "Pyruvate Flux Across The Isolated Human Erythrocyte Membrane."
MD: University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 1972-78.
Internship: Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 1978-79.
Residency: Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, 1979-81.
Fellowship Neonatology: University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Children's Hospital Medical Center, 1981-83.
Certification: Pediatrics, 1983; Sub-board Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, 1983.