How Is Mixed Phenotype Leukemia Treated?
The specialists at Cincinnati Children’s will look at your needs and recommend a treatment plan that best suits you. Treatment usually begins by taking care of the early symptoms you are experiencing, often anemia (too few red blood cells), bleeding or infection.
Typically, you will then have a month of intense chemotherapy, much of which will occur in the hospital. It is designed to kill as many cancer cells as possible. Your care team will perform tests during the recovery period to see how well your treatment plan is working.
Based on how your leukemia responds to initial therapy, treatment for MPAL may include:
- Chemotherapy: Strong medicines are given by mouth or through an IV (intravenously). These drugs target cells that are growing fast, as cancer cells do. Side effects are common because these strong drugs can also harm some normal cells.
- Intrathecal (spinal) medications / chemotherapy: A needle is used to give medicine into the area around the spinal cord.
- Radiation therapy: Targeted energy, such as X-rays, kills leukemia cells. It can help with pain from a swollen liver, spleen or lymph nodes. It can also relieve pain from bone marrow expansion.
- Blood and bone marrow / stem cell transplantation: First, high-dose chemotherapy, and possibly radiation, is given to destroy the cancer cells in the bone marrow. Fresh, healthy stem cells are then needed to replace the bone marrow cells that have been killed. To do this, donor stem cells are given by IV. From the blood stream, they make their way to the bone marrow. These fresh stem cells then start making normal white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets.
- Biological / immunological therapy: Antibodies against the cancer cells are given. These may help the body’s immune system find and kill the bad cells, or they may help guide drugs or radiation directly to the cancer cells.
- Medicines: You may receive medicines to prevent or treat side effects of MPAL treatment. Medicines can also help with nausea or pain.
- Blood transfusions: Transfusions help replace red blood cells and/or platelets.
- Antibiotics: Medicines can help prevent or treat infections.
- Follow-up care: Follow-up is needed to gauge how well treatment is working. It can also help doctors know if the disease is coming back and help them manage any late effects of treatment.