DO: Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, 1989.
MPH: Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 1998.
Internship: Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine; Grandview Hospital and Medical Center, Dayton, OH, 1989-1990.
Residency: Internal Medicine, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Akron General Medical Center; Akron, OH; 1990-1991; Orthopaedic Surgery, Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Grandview Hospital and Medical Center, Dayton, OH, 1991-1995.
Fellowship: Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 1995-1996; MPH, Clinical Effectiveness and Outcomes Research, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 1996-1998.
Certification: Board-certified, American Osteopathic Board of Orthopaedic Surgery, 1998-2008.